Big Wild Goose Pagoda is located in the southern part of present day Xian, in what used to be Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty. It was orginally named as Ci'en Temple Pagoda, but since the temple disappeared a long time ago, the pagoda is known by its other name.  

The pagoda was first built in 652 in the Tang Dynasty by Xuanzang, a prominent Buddhist scholar of the time. Due to it was very difficult to find the needed stone and the cost was prohibitive, a mud pagoda reinforced with bricks was built. But, because the mud pagoda was not strong enough, and the construction was not done properly, the pagoda collapsed not long after it was built. It was rebuilt between 701 and 704 on the order of Empress Wu Ze Tian. 

The pagoda tapers sharply from the first storey up, giving the entire structure the shape of a pyramid and making it stand very firm. Wooden steps and flooring inside allow people to go to the top and enjoy the splendid views in the suburbs of Xian. In the past, those who had passed the imperial examinations to become officials went there to inscribe their names on the pagoda, the ambition of every young official. As a result, gathered in front of the pagoda were tablets inscribed by those who had passed the imperial examinations in Shaanxi for more than a thousand years, from the Tang to the Qing Dynasty.

The outer walls of the present pagoda were covered by a thick layer of bricks in the Ming Dynasty. A tablet on the lintel of the door on the first storey is vividly carved with designs of a wooden hall in the Tang Dynasty. Kept under the pagoda is a stone tablet with an inscription made by Chu Suiliang, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, which is an important relic.